116 - Design of CRPAs for aviation and high-accuracy services

Jamming and spoofing of GNSS are a major concern. A controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) is one of the most powerful technologies to mitigate jamming and spoofing. As a result, it is attractive to start using CRPAs for several applications, including aviation and high-accuracy services. However, the use of a specific CRPA for specific applications requires a detailed evaluation of the performance of this CRPA. In the field of aviation, it is mandatory to identify which designs of CRPAs avoid unacceptable side effects such as large biases. Unacceptable side effects are side effect which may impact the safety of the aviation user. In the field of high-accuracy services, it is mandatory to identify which designs of CRPAs avoid unacceptable side effects such as large phase centre offsets. Unacceptable side effects may lead to a major impact on the performance of PPP and RTK.

The objective of this activity is to provide recommendations for: 1) the design of a real-time CRPA for aviation, 2) the design of a real-time CRPA for high-accuracy services, and 3) the requirements on CRPAs, to allow the introduction of CRPAs in aviation.

The tasks to be performed shall include:

•  Develop an off-line aviation CRPA and an off-line high-accuracy CRPA (laboratory set-up, post-processing only);
•  Perform laboratory tests (using a combination of RF simulations and software simulations):
  •  characterize the aviation CRPA’s nominal and non-nominal performance (during GNSS Feared Events, jamming and spoofing attacks, CRPA hardware failures);
  •  characterize the high-accuracy CRPA’s performance (during jamming and spoofing attacks: impact for example on cycle slips, biases, noise);
     
•  Derive recommendations for the design of a real-time CRPA for aviation and the design of a real-time CRPA for high-accuracy services;
•  Derive recommendations to introduce a CRPA in aviation standards.

The main outputs of the activity will consist of:

•  Two offline CRPAs (one for aviation and one for high accuracy);
•  CRPA software simulator;
•  Technical Notes documenting the outcome of the tasks performed.

It is noted that no Participating State expressed their opt-out for this activity (EL1-116).